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Advanced Lymphatic System Anatomy and Physiology Exam-Quiz, Anatomy & Physiology 12 hr

(Non-Technique Continuing Education Course to know Principles, Chronology & Science: Not massage Therapy Techniques or Manipulation of Soft Tissue)

Online CE Class for Texas Massage Therapists. Texas Department of State Health Services DSHS Massage Therapy TX Licensed Continuing Education Provider TX DSHS Massage CEU Provider License Number: CE 1608 provided by TX Licensed Instructor: Daniel C. PhD EMT LMT MTI, Integrity Services, Granbury, TX 76048

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Immune System Review: Cytotoxic T-cell Activity Against Target Cells | IgE Mediated Hypersensitivity | Constructing Vaccines | Monoclonal Antibody Production | Immune Response | eLearning Connection | Flash Cards

Question 1: The lymphatic system consists of _______
lymphatic vessels and lymphoid organs
all of the plasma component of the bloodstream
all fluids inside the body's cells
all liquids in the body whether inside cells or in spaces between tissues


Question 2: The lymphatic system _______
takes up excess tissue fluid and returns it to the bloodstream
All of the above are correct
absorbs fats in the intestinal villi and transports them to the bloodstream
defends the body against disease


Question 3: The movement of lymph within lymphatic vessels is dependent upon _______
residual blood pressure forcing the plasma through the blood vessels
suction from the contracting lymph nodes
skeletal muscle contraction and the action of one-way valves
active transport of lymph by cilia lining the lymphatic system
ameboid movement of the cellular component of the lymph, primarily the T-cells that "travel"


Question 4: Lymph is prevented from flowing backwards by _______
one-way valves
blood pressure
suction from the contracting lymph nodes
cilia lining the lymphatic system


Question 5: The lymphatic system is _________
a two-way transport system with fluids and cells moving both directions
a one-way system collecting the lymph from body tissues and spaces and reintroducing it to the bloodstream
a continuous closed circulation running parallel to the arteries and veins
a one-way system collecting lymph from body spaces and soaking it into the body cells


Question 6: Tissue fluid in the lymphatic system is called ________
plasma
hemoplasma
lymph
Ringer's solution
universal solvent


Question 7: The thoracic duct serves ________
the lower extremities
the abdomen
the left arm
all of the above


Question 8: The thoracic and right lymphatic ducts return lymph to the ________
dorsal aorta
abdominal cavity
heart ventricles
subclavian veins
peritoneal cavities


Question 9: The subclavian veins are cardiovascular veins in the abdomen
True
Both False and True Apply
Question is Unscientific and Inapplicable
False


Question 10: ________ is localized swelling caused by accumulation of tissue fluid
Edema
Allergies
Autoimmune disease
Immune deficiency disease


Question 11: Lymph flows from lymphatic capillaries into ever-larger lymphatic vessels and finally to a lymphatic duct
False
True
Both True and False Applies
None of the above


Question 12: Each nodule of a lymph node contains a sinus filled with _______
red marrow
red blood cells
lymphocytes and macrophages
lymph causing edema


Question 13: Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid organ
kidney
red bone marrow
adenoids
spleen
tonsils


Question 14: Only red blood cells originate in the red bone marrow
true
false
Both True and False Applies
Question is Incorrect


Question 15: All bones in an adult have red bone marrow
True
Both True and False Applies
False
Question is incorrect


Question 16: The red bone marrow consists of a network of connective tissue fibers called reticular fibers
Falsec
Both True and False Applies
True
Question is incorrect


Question 17: The tonsils and adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils) are composed of partly encapsulated lymph nodules
False
Both True and False Applies
True
Question is incorrect


Question 18: The spleen is located in the lower right thoracic cavity just above the diaphragm
True
Both True and False Applies
False
none of the above


Question 19: The spleen's sinuses are filled with _______
lymph
blood
water
salts


Question 20: A spleen nodule contains ________
red pulp and white pulp
the factory that produces platelets
a reservoir of glucose stored as glycogen
hormone-producing islets


Question 21: Red pulp contains only red blood cells
True
False
Both True and False Apply
Question is Incorrect


Question 22: Lymph is cleansed in lymph nodes and blood is cleansed in the spleen
False
Both True and False Apply
True
None of the Above


Question 23: White pulp contains mostly _______
lymphocytes
red blood cells
macrophages
osteoblasts


Question 24: The thymus is located _______
in the upper left abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm
along the trachea behind the sternum
along the intestinal wall
in the neck


Question 25: The thymus is smaller in children than in adults
True
Both True and False Apply
False
None of the Above


Question 26: The thymus secretes ________
antibodies
hormones that mature the red blood cells
thymosin, a hormone thought to aid in maturation of T lymphocytes
macrophages
lymph and is the main "lymph factory"


Question 27: T lymphocytes mature in the ________
lymph nodes throughout the body
spleen
Thymus
red bone marrow
thyroid


Question 28: Immunity is the ability of the body to defend itself against ________
infectious agents including bacteria and viruses
cancer cells
Foreign Cells
All of the above


Question 29: The nonspecific defenses are ___________
antibodies, antigens, and antimatter
the spleen and thymus
barriers to entry, the inflammatory reaction, natural killer cells, and protective proteins
allergies, edema and regurgitation


Question 30: Barriers to entry of microbes include __________
oil skin secretions and stomach acids
normal harmless bacteria that prevent pathogens from taking up residence
mucous membranes that line the respiratory, digestive and urinary tracts
skin that lines the outer surface of the body
all of the above help bar entry by microbes


Question 31: The stomach has a basic pH inhibiting growth of bacteria
True
False
Both True and False are correct
Question does not apply


Question 32: The ________ reaction is a series of events occurring whenever the skin is broken due to a minor injury
complement fixation
suppressor T-cell
inflammatory
allergic
antibody


Question 33: ________ are molecules initiating nerve impulses resulting in pain
kinins
Analgesics
Immunoglobins
Suppressins
Histamines


Question 34: Histamine and kinins cause capillaries to constrict and become less permeable
True
False
Either are true
Question is incorrect


Question 35: Any break in the skin can allow microbes to enter the body
Both true and false are correctr
False
True
Incorrect Question


Question 36: How can neutrophils and monocytes reach an infection site from the bloodstream?
the blood vessels rupture at a site of infection
they are small and diffuse across membranes just like food and gas molecules
neutrophils and monocytes are amoeboid and can pass through capillary walls
they move upstream in the lymph system
the portable T lymphocyte differentiates into neutrophils and monocytes when it arrives at the site of infection


Question 37: What can happen to a bacterium that crosses the skin barrier and enters tissues?
Histamine will poison bacteria
Bacteria liberate a growth factor that in turn increases the numbers of white blood cells that attack bacteria
Neutrophils phagocytize the bacteria
All human tissues reject the bacterium and destroy it with lysosomes


Question 38: When monocytes leave the bloodstream, they differentiate into ________
complement proteins
antibodies
interferon
macrophages
suppressor T-cells


Question 39: Some tissues have ______ that routinely act as scavengers, devouring old blood cells and other debris
suppressor T-cells
backup neutrophils
resident macrophages
complimentary B-cells


Question 40: Pus indicates that ______________
the body is trying to overcome infection
body tissues are dying
too much lymph has built up
the inflammatory response has failed to defend against bacterial invasion


Question 41: Complement is activated when ________
the inflammatory response has failed to defend against bacterial invasion
microbes enter the body
antibodies have failed to defend against bacterial invasion
interferon is produced by viruses


Question 42: Complement proteins bind to the surface of microbes already coated with antibodies, and release chemicals that attract phagocytes to the scene
either true and false are correct
false
truer
question is incorrect and not applicable


Question 43: A virus-infected cell produces and secretes _______
interferon
allergin
antigen
complement


Question 44: A/an ________ is usually a protein or polysaccharide chain of a glycoprotein molecule that the body recognizes as "non-self"
allergin
antigen
antibody
interferon
complement


Question 45: The immune system is chemically able to tell "self" from "non-self" based on a lock-and-key receptor-antigen fit
false
both true and false are correct
true
None of the answers above are applicable


Question 46: B lymphocytes mature in the bloodstream
true
both true and false are correct
false
incorrect question and not applicable


Question 47: T lymphocytes mature in the ________
lymph in the general lymphatic system
bone marrow
thymus gland
thyroid gland
spleen


Question 48: B cells give rise to plasma cells which produce ________
allergin
antigen
complement
interferon
antibody


Question 49: Antibodies bind with antigens in a lock-and-key manner
false
both true and false are correct
true
None of the above


Question 50: T cells produce antibodies
false
true
both true and false are correct
None of the Above


Question 51: A plasma cell is a mature B cell that mass produces ________
complement
antibodies
interferon
allergens
antigens


Question 52: There is a different lymphocyte type for each possible antigen
false
not applicable
true
None of the Above


Question 53: Certain T cells attack and destroy antigen-bearing cells
true
false
not applicable
none of the above


Question 54: A B cell does not clone until its antigen is present
false
true
not applicable
None of the Above


Question 55: When B cells undergo clonal expansion, they produce plasma cells and memory B cells
false
both true and false are correct
true
None of the Above


Question 56: Defense by T cells is called antibody-mediated immunity
true
both true and false are correct
false
None of the above


Question 57: Humoral immunity is so called because antibodies are present in the ________
upper arm bone or "humerus"
red blood cells
blood and lymph
tissues
cranium


Question 58: The most common type of antibody is a protein molecule with two arms
not applicable
both true and false are correct
false
true


Question 59: IgA antibodies are found in _______.
blood and on mast cells in tissues
general plasma
body secretions such as saliva and milk
lymph


Question 60: The main antibody type in circulation is _______
IgA
IgD
IgM
IgG
IgE


Question 61: ________ is the largest antibody
IgM
IgG
IgD
IgA
IgE


Question 62: IgG antibodies _________
are responsible for allergic reactions
bind to pathogens and their toxins
stimulate complement production
trigger inflammation


Question 63: IgM antibodies _________
activate complement and clump cells
attack bacterial toxins
are responsible for allergic reactions
attack microbes


Question 64: IgA antibodies attack microbes and bacterial toxins
true
false
not applicable
none of the above


Question 65: ________ antibodies are responsible for allergic reactions
IgM
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgA


Question 66: There is/are ________ main types of T cell(s)
two
three
four
five


Question 67: Which of the following is NOT a type of T cell?
helper T cells
plasma T cell
cytoxic T cells
memory T cells


Question 68: Cytotoxic T cells attack and destroy ________
viruses
bacteria
antigen-bearing cells
cells that produce toxins or poisons


Question 69: Cytotoxic T cells have storage vacuoles containing ___________
antibodies
complement
perforin molecules
IgG


Question 70: Perforin molecules function to ________
stimulate production of complement
trigger production of interferon
perforate a cell membrane
label a cell for attack by cytotoxic T cells


Question 71: Perforin molecules form holes in plasma membranes, allowing _________
vital cell contents to leak out
macrophages to phagocytize cells
water and salt to enter a cell
IgG to bind with foreign proteins


Question 72: ________ T cells are the only T cells involved in cell-mediated immunity
Helper
Memory
Cytotoxic
Suppressor


Question 73: HIV that causes AIDS infects _______
helper T cells
cytoxic T cells
suppressor T cells
memory T cells


Question 74: Helper T cells regulate immunity by increasing the response of other immune cells
false
true
not applicable
none of the above


Question 75: When exposed to an antigen, helper T cells enlarge and secrete messenger molecules called ________.
antibodies
perforin
cytokines
complement
IgG


Question 76: Cytokines _________
stimulate white blood cell formation
trigger inflammation
depress antibody production
make the body more susceptible to cancer


Question 77: ________ are antibodies of one specific type, all produced by plasma cells derived from the same B cell, and capable of identifying unique cells and infectious agents
Lymphokines
Monoclonal antibodies
Inflammatory reactions
Complement fixations
Antibody-mediated immunity


Question 78: With the human ABO blood types in the below transfusions, which person would safely receive blood lacking foreign antigens?
a type A person received type B blood
a type B person received type A blood
a type A person received type O blood
a type O person received type B blood
a type A person received type AB blood


Question 79: Why is hemolytic disease of the newborn (Rh-conflict) described as a likely problem only when the mother is Rh-negative and the father is Rh-positive?
the type Rh-negative is so rare that Rh-negative fathers are too uncommon
a type Rh-negative father is not possible since it is sex-linked
a type Rh-negative fetus in an Rh-positive mother does not expose the mother to any new antigens and therefore does not trigger any immune response
this was just the way the textbook gave the possible example and the reverse situation is just as much a problem


Question 80: When an immune system overreacts to an antigen or forms antibodies to substances that are usually NOT recognized as foreign, it results in _______
immune deficiency disease
autoimmune disease
allergic response
hemolytic disease
edema


Question 81: Myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis are examples of ________
failure of the T cells to defend the body
immune deficiency diseases
normal inflammatory reactions
autoimmune diseases
failure of the B cells to defend the body


Question 82: Thanks to new biotechnology, there are now cures for all autoimmune diseases
true
both true and false are correct
false
none of the above


Question 83: All of the following belong to the lymphatic system EXCEPT
yellow bone marrow
lymph
lymphatic vessels
red bone marrow


Question 84: Which of the following cells produce antibodies?
T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
monocytes
phagocytes


Question 85: Lymph nodes
are bean shaped organs
are located along lymphatic vessels
are acattered throughout the body
all of the above


Question 86: Worn-out and damaged red blood cells are destroyed in the
spleen
thymus gland
tonsils
lymph nodes


Question 87: Complement proteins
are present in infected cells
are found in blood plasma
are produced by T-cells
are produced by B-cells


Question 88: All of the following are symptoms of inflammation EXCEPT
pain
redness
fever
swelling


Question 89: Which of the following an act as an antigen?
bacteria
viruses
food
all of the above


Question 90: Vaccination is an example of
artifically acquired passive immunity
naturally acquired active immunity
artifically acquired active immunity
naturally acquired passive immunity


Question 91: Cell-mediated immunity is provided by
B-cells
macrophages
basophils
T-cells


Question 92: One of the functions that the lymphatic system performs is to return excess _____________fluid to the blood
clear
red-colored
interstitial
thoracic


Question 93: Lymph nodes are widely distributed throughout the body along the lymphatic pathways where they filter the before it is returned to the ________
lymph, blood
lymph, heart
blood, heart
blood, lymph


Question 94: The spleen is a lymph organ that filters blood and also acts as a reservoir for ______
interstitial fluid
blood
water
fat


Question 95: The __________ tonsils are the ones that are located near the opening of the oral cavity into the pharynx
linguals
oral
palatine
pharyngeal


Question 96: Lymph enters a lymph node through , filters through the ________, and leaves through ________
afferent vessels, sinuses, efferent vessels
afferent vessels, efferent vessels, sinuses
sinuses, afferent vessels, efferent vessels
efferent vessels, afferent vessels, sinuses


Question 97: The thymus also produces a hormone,___________, that stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes in other lymphatic organs
thymosin
oxytocin
calcitosin
estrogen


Question 98: The thymus is a soft organ with ______lobes that is located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum
four
two
three
five


Question 99: Of the fluid that leaves the capillary, about _____________percent is returned. The ________ percent that does not return becomes part of the interstitial fluid that surrounds the tissue cells
50, 50
40, 60
90, 10
20, 80


Question 100: Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ________
lymph follicles
cisterna chyli
lymph nodes
axillary nodes


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